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Battle of the Delaware Capes
The Battle of the Delaware Capes or the 3rd Battle of Delaware Bay was a naval engagement that was fought off the Delaware River towards the end of the American Revolutionary War. The battle took place on the 20th and the 21st December 1782, some three weeks after the signing of the preliminary articles of peace between Great Britain and the former American colonies, and was an engagement between three British Royal navy frigates HMS ''Diomede'', ''Quebec'' and ''Astraea'' on the one side, and the South Carolina Navys 40-gun frigate ''South Carolina'', the brigs ''Hope'' and ''Constance'', and the schooner ''Seagrove'' on the other. The British were victorious with only ''Seagrove'' escaping capture.〔Volo p.55〕
==Background==
The inactivity of the British, American and French armies, meant that the Royal Navy was free to concentrate on enemy trade. One group of British frigates, HMS ''Diomede'' under Captain Thomas Frederick and the sister 32-gun frigates - HMS ''Quebec'' under Captain Christopher Mason, and HMS ''Astraea'' under Captain Matthew Squires, was blockading the Delaware Bay.〔 On 20 December 1782 they spotted a number of vessels coming out of the bay and chased after them. Frederick was told by the officer of watch that one of the vessels was a large frigate. This was the forty-gun ''South Carolina''.〔Allen p. 352〕
''South Carolina'', under Captain John Joyner, was built at Amsterdam in 1780. She originally was named ''Indien'' and belonged to France but the Americans hired her.〔Cooper (1847), p.135〕 The ship was the most heavily armed warship to sail under American colors during the revolution.〔 Joyner was attempting to dash out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, through the British blockade on the 19 December with several vessels.〔Isaac Schomberg: Naval chronology: or, An historical summary of naval & maritime Vol 2. p.88. (1802).〕 As well as the large ''South Carolina'', the privateer brig ''Hope'', commanded by John Prole of ten guns and carrying tobacco and flour, another privateer brig ''Constance'', under Commander Jesse Harding, and the six-gun schooner ''Seagrove'', under Captain Benjamin Bradhurst, which had joined them for protection.〔Lewis pp. 92-94〕 On 19 December ''Seagrove'' hailed a merchant vessel entering the river. Her master learned that three large sail had been seen patrolling off the Cape May Channel. With this information Joyner decided to proceed down the main channel and go straight out into the ocean. On 20 December, in the early evening, the four vessels sailed down the channel and out into the Atlantic.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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